A few genuine cave dwellings did exist, however, such as at Mount Carmel in Israel. Until the last glacial period, the great majority of humans did not live in caves, as nomadic hunter-gatherer tribes that lived in a variety of temporary structures, such as tents and wooden huts (e.g., at Ohalo). ![]() However, this most likely reflects the degree of preservation that caves provide over the millennia, rather than an indication of them being a typical form of shelter. The image of these people living in caves arises from the fact that caves are where the preponderance of artifacts have been found from European Stone Age cultures. This era extends from more than 2 million years into the past until sometime between 40,000 and 10,000 years ago. The era that most people think of when they talk about "cavemen" is the Paleolithic Era, sometimes referred to as the Stone Age (though actually the Paleolithic is but one part of the Stone Age). Popular culture also frequently represents cavemen as living with, or alongside, dinosaurs, even though non-avian dinosaurs became extinct at the end of the Cretaceous period, 66 million years before the emergence of the Homo sapiens species. ![]() They are often shown armed with rocks, cattle bone clubs, spears, or sticks with rocks tied to them, and are portrayed as unintelligent, easily frightened, and aggressive. Book illustration by unknown artist for The Cave Boy of the Age of Stone (1907)Ĭavemen are typically portrayed as wearing shaggy animal hides, and capable of cave painting like behaviorally modern humans of the last glacial period.
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